AWS CloudHSM
AWS CloudHSM provides hardware security modules (HSMs) in the AWS Cloud. It allows you to generate and use your own encryption keys on the AWS Cloud.
Key Concepts
- Single-Tenant: You are the only customer using that specific hardware device. It is dedicated to you.
- FIPS 140-2 Level 3: A high security standard for cryptographic modules. CloudHSM is validated to Level 3 (KMS is Level 2, though some parts are Level 3).
- Full Control: You manage the keys. AWS cannot see or recover your keys. If you lose your credentials, the keys are lost forever.
- VPC: Runs inside your Virtual Private Cloud.
Exam Tips
- "Dedicated Hardware" / "Single Tenant": Answer is CloudHSM.
- "FIPS 140-2 Level 3": Answer is CloudHSM. (If it says Level 2, it might be KMS).
- "Industry Compliance": Use CloudHSM if the regulation specifically requires a dedicated HSM or higher FIPS level than KMS provides.
- PKCS#11 / Java JCE / Microsoft CNG: Standard industry APIs supported by CloudHSM.
Common Use Cases
- SSL/TLS Offload: Offload SSL processing from web servers to the HSM.
- Certificate Authority (CA): Acting as a root CA.
- Oracle TDE: Transparent Data Encryption for Oracle databases.
- Document Signing: Securely signing documents.